宾语从句有关常识要素总结
1、宾语从句的定义
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。如:
I think you ought to try again. 我想你应该再试一试。
She complained that the exam was too difficult. 她抱怨考试试题太难。
He said that they must have a party to celebrate it. 他说他们得开个联欢会庆贺那事。
2、宾语从句的时态
若主句为一般目前时,宾语从句的时态可依据状况用任意时态;但若主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句需要要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较:
He says he is busy. 他说他非常忙。
He said he was busy. 他说他非常忙。
I know you will agree. 我了解你会赞同的。
I knew you would agree. 我了解你会赞同的。
注意,当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时,则用一般目前时。如:
The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说,地球绕着太阳转。
3、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句尾名词性从句,不管用哪种引导词引导,宾语从句的语序一直用陈述语序。如:
She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。
Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。
4、宾语从句的引导词
1. 用that引导。that只起引导词用途,不充当句子成分,也没词义,且一般可以省略。如:
We thinkhe will help us. 大家觉得他会帮助大家。
He saidhe was good at English. 他说他善于英语。
I knowhe is very busy. 我了解他非常忙。
2. 用 if 或 whether 引导。if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示“是不是”。如:
I don’t know if [whether] he will come. 我不了解他会不会来。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是不是够了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不了解是否真的。
3. 用连接代词引导。容易见到的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what, who, whom, which, whose等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不需要疑问句词序。如:
She asked who would like to go. 她问哪个想去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是哪个的钱包.
what引导宾语从句时,有时表示“什么”,有时表示“…所…的”。比较:
I asked what he needed. 我问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
4. 用连接副词引导。容易见到的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不需要疑问句词序。如:
He knows where they live. 他了解他们住哪儿。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉大家你目前过得如何?
I can’t tell you why she is crying. 我不可以对你说她为何哭。
He didn’t say when he would return. 他没怎么说时候回来。
5、宾语从句与形式宾语 it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,一般在宾语从句处用形式宾语it,而将真的的宾语从句移至句末。如:
I think it best that you should stay here. 我觉得你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没有宣布他何时结婚。
6、宾语从句与否定转移
当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定一般转移到主句。如:
I don’t think that it is worth doing.. 我觉得这不值得做。
I don’t believe that he will help us. 我相信他不会来。